On July 4, 1863, Lieutenant General John C. Pemberton surrendered the city of Vicksburg and the Confederate garrison defending it to Major General Ulysses S. Grant.
. . . " Pemberton and Grant Negotiate the Surrender of Vicksburg "After holding out for over six weeks, Pemberton sent Major General John S. Bowen through his lines under a white flag of truce with the following message addressed to Grant.
Headquarters, Vicksburg, July 3, 1863.
Major-General Grant, commanding United States forces: —
General — I have the honor to propose to you an armistice for ___ hours, with a view to arranging terms for the capitulation of Vicksburg. To this end, if agreeable to you, I will appoint three commissioners, to meet a like number to be named by yourself, at such place and hour to-day, as you may find convenient. I make this proposition to save the further effusion of blood, which must otherwise be shed to a frightful extent, feeling myself fully able to maintain my position for a yet indefinite period. This communication will be handed you under a flag of truce, by Major-General James Bowen.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
J. C. PEMBERTON.
"Brigadier General Andrew Jackson Smith received Bowen and forwarded Pemberton’s message to Grant. After considering Pemberton’s proposal, Grant replied:"
Headquarters, Department of Tennessee,
In the Field, near Vicksburg, July 3, 1863.
Lieutenant-General J. C. Pemberton, commanding Confederate forces, &c.: —
General — Your note of this date, just received, proposes an armistice of several hours, for the purpose of arranging terms of capitulation through commissioners to be appointed, &c. The effusion of blood you propose stopping by this course, can be ended at any time you may choose, by an unconditional surrender of the city and garrison. Men who have shown so much endurance and courage as those now in Vicksburg, will always challenge the respect of an adversary, and I can assure you will be treated with all the respect due them as prisoners of war. I do not favor the proposition of appointing commissioners to arrange terms of capitulation, because I have no other terms than those indicated above.
I am, General, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
U. S. GRANT, Major-General.
Upon surrender, General Grant visited Pemberton's headquarters to extend courtesies. This account describes his treatment by Confederate officers:
. . . "No one even offered Grant a seat, and when he asked for a glass of water a member the Confederate staff merely told him where he could find it. The situation was a trying one, but Pemberton and his officers met it badly. Their behaviors unhandsome and disagreeable in the extreme while that of Grant and his staff was both modest and magnanimous to an extent to which the enemy had no just claim." . . .
. . . "The last 'wallpaper' edition of the Vicksburg Citizen, still set on the presses when Grant's troops entered the city, stated:)
"Ulysses must get into the city before he dines in it. The way to cook a rabbit is 'first to catch the rabbit, &c..."
A 'Note' added by the Federal forces which entered Vicksburg on the 4th continued:
"Two days bring about great changes. The banner of the Union floats over Vicksburg. General Grant has 'caught the rabbit.' He has dined in Vicksburg and he did bring his dinner with him..."
File:69-32-F Newspaper, The Daily Citizen, Vicksburg, Final Issue.jpg - Wikimedia Commons